2024

‘I will not use it because the results are bad’ – understanding the influence of the drug checking service on changing consumption behavior. Verdenik et al. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 15 Oct 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2024.2412995

A strategy for the detection of benzodiazepine drugs using low-resolution paper-spray mass spectrometry for harm reduction drug checking. Miskulin et al. Drug testing and analysis, Volume16, Issue10, October 2024, Pages 1085-1093.
https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3630

How do we understand the value of drug checking as a component of harm reduction services? A qualitative exploration of client and provider perspectives. Moran et al. Harm Reduction Journal volume 21, Article number: 92 (2024).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-024-01014-w

Responsibility, Care and Trust Among People Using Drug Checking Services at a Music Festival. Valente et al. Contemporary Drug Problems. First published online May 24, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1177/00914509241255311

Increases in the use of drug testing kits among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City who use ecstasy, 2017-2022
Fitzgerald et al. Drug and alcohol review, Volume43, Issue4, May 2024, Pages 975-983.
https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13829

Planning and implementing community-based drug checking services in Scotland: a qualitative exploration using the consolidated framework for implementation research. Falzon et al. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy volume 19, Article number: 7 (2024).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-023-00590-7

Enhancing drug checking services for supply monitoring: perspectives on implementation in syringe service programs in the USA. Moon et al. Harm reduction journal 21, Article number: 11 (2024).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00924-5

2023

Costing analysis of a point-of-care drug checking program in Rhode Island. Cepeda et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume 253, 1 December 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111028

“It would really support the wider harm reduction agenda across the board”: A qualitative study of the potential impacts of drug checking service delivery in Scotland. Falzon et al. PLoS ONE 18(12): e0292812, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292812

Prevalence of fentanyl in methamphetamine and cocaine samples collected by community-based drug checking services. Wagner et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Volume 252, 1 November 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110985

Counting and accounting for drug-related deaths at UK music festivals 2017–2023: A commentary. Cooney & Measham. Drug Science, Policy and Law. 2023;9.
https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245231211444

Drug checking in the fentanyl era: Utilization and interest among people who inject drugs in San Diego, California. Bailey et al. The International journal on drug policy. Volume 118, August 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104086

Considerations for Purchasing Drug Checking Technologies: Perspectives from Toronto’s Drug Checking Service. Thompson & McDonald. International journal of environmental research and public health 2023, 20(15), 6486.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20156486

‘It’s not going to be a one size fits all’: a qualitative exploration of the potential utility of three drug checking service models in Scotland. Carver et al. Harm Reduction Journal volume 20, Article number: 94 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00830-w

Substances from unregulated drug markets – A retrospective data analysis of customer-provided samples from a decade of drug checking service in Zurich (Switzerland). Magnolini et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 114, April 2023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.103972

Challenges in Drug Surveillance: Strengthening the Analysis of New Psychoactive Substances by Harmonizing Drug Checking Services in Proficiency Testing. Balcaen et al. International journal of environmental research and public health 2023 Mar 6;20(5):4628.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054628

Point-of-care community drug checking technologies: an insider look at the scientific principles and practical considerations. Gozdzialski et al. Harm Reduction Journal volume 20, Article number: 39, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00764-3

A Systematized Review of Drug-checking and Related Considerations for Implementation as A Harm Reduction Intervention. Giulini et al. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs Volume 55, 2023 – Issue 1.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2022.2028203

2022

Everywhere and for everyone: proportionate universalism as a framework for equitable access to community drug checking. Wallace et al. Harm Reduction Journal volume 19, Article number: 143 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-022-00727-0

Beyond co-production: The construction of drug checking knowledge in a Canadian supervised injection facility. Betsos et al. Social Science & Medicine, Volume 314, December 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115229

Guest editorial: Drug checking – From guerrilla to government agent: the full spectrum of drug checking services. Koning et al. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 7 December 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-12-2022-066

Validation of a lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the detection of fentanyl in drug samples. Park et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 240, November 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109610

Substance Use Stigma and Community Drug Checking: A Qualitative Study Examining Barriers and Possible Responses. Davis et al. International journal of environmental research and public health 2022, 19(23), 15978.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315978

Challenges, policy and politics in drug checking: reflections of the TEDItorial team. Van der Linden et al. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 29 November 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-10-2022-0037

Size matters: comparing the MDMA content and weight of ecstasy tablets submitted to European drug checking services in 2012–2021. Vrolijk et al. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 24 November 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3. https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-01-2022-0003

Psychoactive substance use and drug checking practices among participants at electronic dance music events in Ukraine. Kushakov et al. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 24 November 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-10-2022-0035

Échele Cabeza as a harm reduction project and activist movement in Colombia. Moreno et al. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 24 November 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-07-2022-0026

Substance residue analysis as an alternative to drug checking? Traces from drug paraphernalia as a source for laboratory analysis. Kaskela et al. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 24 November 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-12-2021-0063

Who uses drug checking services? Assessing uptake and outcomes at English festivals in 2018. Measham & Simmons. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 7 November 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-02-2022-0008

Drug use patterns, harm reduction strategies and use of drug checking services in boom festival patrons. Valente et al. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 3 November 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-01-2022-0004

Drug checking in New Zealand: the 2020 and 2021 drug and substance checking legislation acts. Hutton. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 11 October 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-03-2022-0016

What is drug checking, anyway? Barrat & Measham. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 1 September 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-01-2022-0007

Community-led guerrilla drug checking in response to deaths from adulterated MDMA in Victoria, Australia. Barratt et al. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 17 August 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-10-2022-0035

A distributed model to expand the reach of drug checking. Wallace et al. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 8 July 2022, Volume 23 Issue 3.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DHS-01-2022-0005

Take-home drug checking as a novel harm reduction strategy in British Columbia, Canada. Klaire et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 106, August 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103741

Legality of drug checking equipment in the United States: A systematic legal analysis. Davis et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Volume 234, 1 May 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109425

Rapid and accurate etizolam detection using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for community drug checking. Gozdzialski et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 102, April 2022, 103611
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103611

A longitudinal study of behavioural outcomes following a visit to the Boom Festival 2018 drug checking service: individual and group level results. Valente et al. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2072187

The Bronze Age of drug checking: barriers and facilitators to implementing advanced drug checking amidst police violence and COVID-19. Carroll et al. Harm Reduction Journal volume 19, Article number 9, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-022-00590-z

Cannabis adulterated with the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist MDMB-4en-PINACA and the role of European drug checking services. Oomen et al. International Journal of Drug Policy Volume 100, February 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103493

Invited Commentary: Drug Checking for Novel Insights Into the Unregulated Drug Supply. Dasgupta & Figgatt. American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 191, Issue 2, February 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab233

Time-Series Analysis of Fentanyl Concentration in the Unregulated Opioid Drug Supply in a Canadian Setting. Tobias et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 191, Issue 2, February 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab129

A new quantitative drug checking technology for harm reduction: Pilot study in Vancouver, Canada using paper spray mass spectrometry. Borden et al. Drug and alcohol review, Volume41, Issue2, February 2022, Pages 410-418.
https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13370

Diverse psychotropic substances detected in drug and drug administration equipment samples submitted to drug checking services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 2019-April 2020. Scarfone et al. Harm Reduction Journal 19, Article number: 3 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00585-2

2021

Drug checking services for people who use drugs: a systematic review. Maghsoudi et al. Addiction 2021;1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15734

Portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in drug checking: Detection of carfentanil and etizolam in expected opioid samples. Gozdzialski et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 97, November 2021, 103409.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103409

Profile and correlates of colorimetric reagent kit use among people who use ecstasy/MDMA and other illegal stimulants in Australia. Peacock et al. International Journal of Drug Policy Volume 97, November 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103334

Visitors of the Dutch drug checking services: Profile and drug use experience. Koning et al. International Journal of Drug Policy Volume 95, September 2021, 103293
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103293

Third party drug checking: accessing harm reduction services on the behalf of others. Larnder er al. Harm Reduction Journal 18, Article number: 99 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00545-w

Xylazine detected in unregulated opioids and drug administration equipment in Toronto, Canada: clinical and social implications. Bowles et al. Harm Reduction Journal, volume 18, Article number 104, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00546-9

Is expected substance type associated with timing of drug checking service utilization?: A cross-sectional study. Beaulieu et al. Harm Reduction Journal, volume 18, Article number 66, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00514-3

Evaluation of fentanyl test strip distribution in two Mid-Atlantic syringe services programs. Park et al. The International journal on drug policy Volume 94, August 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103196

An outbreak of novel psychoactive substance benzodiazepines in the unregulated drug supply: Preliminary results from a community drug checking program using point-of-care and confirmatory methods. Laing et al. International Journal of Drug Policy Volume 93, July 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103169

Drug checking at dance festivals: A review with recommendations to increase generalizability of findings. Palamar & al. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology 2021 Jun; 29(3): 229–235.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8282667/

The potential impacts of community drug checking within the overdose crisis: qualitative study exploring the perspective of prospective service users. Wallace et al. BMC Public Health volume 21, Article number: 1156 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11243-4

Intentions, actions and outcomes: A follow up survey on harm reduction practices after using an English festival drug checking service. Measham & Turnbull. International Journal of Drug Policy, available online 8 May 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103270
https://idpc.net/publications/2021/05/intentions-actions-and-outcomes-a-follow-up-survey-on-harm-reduction-practices-after-using-an-english-festival-drug-checking-service

Detection of synthetic cannabinoid adulteration in the unregulated drug supply in three Canadian settings. Ti et al. Drug and alcohol review, Volume 40, Issue 4, May 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13237

Selectivity and sensitivity of urine fentanyl test strips to detect fentanyl analogues in illicit drugs. Bergh et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 90, April 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103065

Implementing an integrated multi-technology platform for drug checking: Social, scientific, and technological considerations. Wallace et al. Drug Testing and Analysis Volume 13, Issue 4, April 2021, pages 734-746.
https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3022

High concentrations of illicit stimulants and cutting agents cause false positives on fentanyl test strips. Lockwood et al. Harm Reduction Journal 18, Article number: 30, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00478-4

“I couldn’t live with killing one of my friends or anybody”: A rapid ethnographic study of drug sellers’ use of drug checking. Betsos et al. The International journal on drug policy Volume 87, January 2021, 102845.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020365/

Drug checking identifies counterfeit alprazolam tablets. Tobias et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 218, January 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108300

2020

Factors associated with drug checking service utilization among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting. Long et al. Harm Reduction Journal volume 17, Article number: 100, 2020.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-020-00454-4

What About Drug Checking? Systematic Review and Netnographic Analysis of Social Media. Guirguis et al. Current neuropharmacology 2020 Oct; 18(10): 906–917.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709144/

Agency in the fentanyl era: Exploring the utility of fentanyl test strips in an opaque drug market. Weicker et al. International Journal of Drug Policy Volume 84, October 2020.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395920302395

Fentanyl self-testing in a community-based sample of people who inject drugs, San Francisco. Oh et al. The International journal on drug policy, Volume 82, August 2020.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395920301286

Piloting the UK’s First Home-Office-Licensed Pharmacist-Led Drug Checking Service at a Community Substance Misuse Service. Guirguis et al. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), July 2020.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7465824/

Drug checking to detect fentanyl and new psychoactive substances. Palamar et al. Current opinion in psychiatry 33(4):p 301-305, July 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000607

Drug Checking and Its Potential Impact on Substance Use. Betzler et al. European Addiction Research, June 12, 2020.
https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/507049

The effect of injecting alone on the use of drug checking services among people who inject drugs. McCrae et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 79, May 2020, 102756.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102756

An assessment of the limits of detection, sensitivity and specificity of three devices for public health-based drug checking of fentanyl in street-acquired samples. Green et al. International Journal of Drug Policy. Volume 77, March 2020.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395920300025

City checking: Piloting the UK’s first community‐based drug safety testing (drug checking) service in 2 city centres. Measham. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2020; 1–9
https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bcp.14231

What is needed for implementing drug checking services in the context of the overdose crisis? A qualitative study to explore perspectives of potential service users. Wallace et al. Harm Reduction Journal volume 17, Article number: 29 (2020).
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-020-00373-4

Assessing the limit of detection of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and immunoassay strips for fentanyl in a real-world setting. McCrae et al. Drug and alcohol review, Volume 39, Issue 1, January 2020.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dar.13004

2019

Drug checking services at music festivals and events in a Canadian setting. McCrae et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 205, 1 December 2019. 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871619303667

Perspectives on rapid fentanyl test strips as a harm reduction practice among young adults who use drugs: a qualitative study. Goldman et al. Harm Reduction Journal, 2019. 
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-018-0276-0 

2018

Prevalence of reagent test‐kit use and perceptions of purity among ecstasy users in an electronic dance music scene in New York City. Palamar & Barratt. Drug and Alcohol Review, 2018. 
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dar.12882

Drug checking as a potential strategic overdose response in the fentanyl era. Laing et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2018. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30359874

Use of rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs. Krieger et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2018. 
https://www.ijdp.org/article/S0955-3959(18)30246-9/abstract

Fentanyl test strips as an opioid overdose prevention strategy: Findings from a syringe services program in the Southeastern United States. Peiper et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2018. 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395918302135

Drug checking at an electronic dance music festival during the public health overdose emergency in British Columbia. Mema et al. Canadian Journal of Public Health (2018). 
https://link.springer.com/article/10.17269/s41997-018-0126-6

Initial results of a drug checking pilot program to detect fentanyl adulteration in a Canadian setting. Tupper et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2018) 190: 242-245. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30064061

Evaluation of a fentanyl drug checking service for clients of a supervised injection facility, Vancouver, Canada. Karamouzian et al. Harm Reduction Journal (2018) 15:46. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6131768/

Fentanyl self-testing outside supervised injection settings to prevent opioid overdose: Do we know enough to promote it? McGowan et al. International Journal of Drug Policy 2018, Volume 58, 31 – 36. 
https://www.ijdp.org/article/S0955-3959(18)30125-7/fulltext

Harm reduction innovation during an overdose emergency. Lysyshyn & Buxto. UBCMJ. 10:1. August 2018. 
https://ubcmj.med.ubc.ca/past-issues/ubcmj-volume-10-issue-1/

Willingness to use drug checking within future supervised injection services among people who inject drugs in a mid-sized Canadian city. Kennedy et al. Drug & Alcohol Dependence (2018), Volume 185 , 248 – 252. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29475198

High willingness to use rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs. Krieger et al. Harm Reduction Journal 2018, 15:7.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-018-0213-2

Drug checking: a potential solution to the opioid overdose epidemic? Bardwell & Kerr. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2018, 13:20 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5970470/

The importance of drug checking outside the context of nightlife in Slovenia. Sande & Šabić. Harm Reduction Journal 15 (2018): 2.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-018-0208-z

Music Festival Attendees’ Illicit Drug Use, Knowledge and Practices Regarding Drug Content and Purity: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Niamh et al. Harm Reduction Journal 15 (2018): 1.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12954-017-0205-7

Pill testing or drug checking in Australia: Acceptability of service design features. Barrat et al. Drug and Alcohol Review 2018 Feb;37(2):226-236.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dar.12576

2017

Cocaine adulteration. Kudlacek et al. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 2017, 83/84, 75-81.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891061817300030

Who is ‘Molly’? MDMA adulterants by product name and the impact of harm-reduction services at raves. Saleemi et al. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2017 Aug;31(8):1056-1060.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28693371

An overview of forensic drug testing methods and their suitability for harm reduction point-of-care services. Harper et al. Harm Reduction Journal 14 (2017): 52.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-017-0179-5

The utility of drug checking services as monitoring tools and more: A response to Pirona et al. Vidal Giné et al. International Journal of Drug Policy 45 (2017) 46–47.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Vidal2017_Utility-of-Drug-Checking-services.-Answer-to-Pirona_IJDP.pdf

The detection and prevention of unintentional consumption of DOx and 25x-NBOMe at Portugal’s Boom Festival. Martins et al. Human Psychopharmacology Clinical & Experimental 2017;32:e2608.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/The-detection-and-prevention-of-unintentional-consumption-of-DOx-and-25x-NBOMe-at-Portugals-Boom-Festival..pdf

Purity, adulteration and price of drugs bought on-line versus off-line in the Netherlands. van der Gouwe et al. Addiction 2017 Apr;112(4):640-648.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.13720

The hidden web and the fentanyl problem: Detection of ocfentanil as an adulterant in heroin. Quintana et al. International Journal of Drug Policy 2017 Feb;40:78-83.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/The-hidden-web-and-the-fentanyl-problem-Detection-of-ocfentanil-as-an-adulterant-in-heroin.pdf

Drug Testing in Europe: Monitoring Results of the Trans European Drug Information (T.E.D.I) Project. Brunt et al. Drug Testing and Analysis 2017 Feb;9(2):188-198.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Drug-Testing-in-Europe-Monitoring-Results.pdf

Is online information on ecstasy tablet content safe? Vrolijk et al. Addiction 2017 112: 94–100.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.13559

Application of a Combined Approach to Identify New Psychoactive Street Drugs and Decipher Their Mechanisms at Monoamine Transporters. Mayer et al. In M. H. Baumann, R. A. Glennon, & J. L. Wiley (Eds.), Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): The Science Behind the Headlines, pp. 333–350, 2017. Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_63

2016

Results of an international drug testing service for cryptomarket users. Caudevilla et al. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2016 Sep;35:38-41.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Results-of-an-international-drug-testing-service-for-cryptomarket-users.pdf

Crystals and tablets in the Spanish ecstasy market 2000-2014: are they the same or different in terms of purity and adulteration? Vidal Giné et al. Forensic Science International Forensic Science International 2016 Jun;263:164-168
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Crystals-and-tablets-in-the-Spanish-ecstasy-market-2000-2014-are-they-the-same-or-different-in-terms-of-purity-and-adulterat.pdf

2011-2015

Monitoring new psychoactive substances (NPS) in The Netherlands: Data from the drug market and the Poisons Information Centre. Hondebrink et al. Drug & Alcohol Dependence 2015 Feb 1;147:109-15.
http://www.drugandalcoholdependence.com/article/S0376-8716(14)01978-4/abstract

New psychoactive substances as adulterants of controlled drugs. A worrying phenomenon? Vidal Giné et al. Drug Testing and Analysis 2014 Jul-Aug;6(7-8):819-24.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/New-psychoactive-substances-as-adulterants.pdf

MALDI Orbitrap mass spectrometry for fast and simplified analysis of novel street and designer drugs. Ostermann et al. Clinica Chimica Acta, 433, 254–258, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2014.03.013

The identification and chemical characterization of a new arylcyclohexylamine, methoxetamine, using a novel Emergency Department toxicosurveillance tool. Westwell et al. Drug Testing and Analysis 2013, 5: 203-207. 
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dta.1375

A combined approach using transporter-flux assays and mass spectrometry to examine psychostimulant street drugs of unknown content. Rosenauer et al. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 4(1), 182–190, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cn3001763

Monitoring illicit psychostimulants and related health issues. Brunt, T. University of Amsterdam 2012.
https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=a78ca5a5-f665-400b-9933-dea9998430f2

• The Drug Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) in the Netherlands: implementation, results, and international comparison. Brunt & Niesink. Drug testing and analysis, 2011 Sep;3(9):621-34.
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21898860
• Linking the pharmacological content of ecstasy tablets to the subjective experiences of drug users. Brunt et al. Psychopharmacology 2012 Apr;220(4):751-62.
  https://assets-sites.trimbos.nl/docs/343d5cf2-04ca-4509-9dbc-842505378b33.pdf
• The relationship of quality and price of the psychostimulants cocaine and amphetamine with health care outcomes. Brutn et al. Drug and alcohol dependence 2010 Sep 1;111(1-2):21-9.
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439138
• An analysis of cocaine powder in the Netherlands: content and health hazards due to adulterants. Brunt et al. Addiction. 2009 May;104(5):798-805.
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19413792

Drug-Checking: A prevention measure for a heterogeneous group with high consumption frequency and polydrug use – evaluation of Zurichs Drug-Checking services. Hungerbuehler et al. Harm Reduction Journal 2011;8:16.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3123557/

2006-2010

Illicit drugs policy through the lens of regulation. Ritter. The International journal on drug policy 2010 Jul;21(4):265-70.
https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/through_the_lens_of_regulation-2010.pdf

Content of ecstasy in the Netherlands: 1993-2008. Vogels et al. Addiction 2009 Dec;104(12):2057-66.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19804461

Monitoring ecstasy content in France: results from the National Surveillance System 1999-2004. Giraudon & Bello. Substance use & misuse 2007;42(10):1567-78.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17918027

Testing Drugs versus Testing for Drug Use: Private Risk Management in the Shadow of Criminal Law. MacCoun. 56 DePaul L. Rev. 507, 2006.
https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/facpubs/1209/

A survey of regular ecstasy users’ knowledge and practices around determining pill content and purity: Implications for policy and practice. Johnston et al. International Journal of Drug Policy 2006, vol. 17, pp. 464 – 472.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395906001058

Pharmacological content of tablets sold as “ecstasy”: results from an online testing service. Tanner-Smith. Drug and alcohol dependence 2006 Jul 27;83(3):247-54.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16364567

2000-2005

Underground pill testing, down under. Camilleri & Caldicott. Forensic science international 2005 Jun 30;151(1):53-8.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15935943

Konsumtypen bei freizeitdrogenkonsumenten in Österreich. Eggerth et al. Sucht, 51(2), 88–96, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1463/2005.02.04

Putting an Ecstasy test kit to the test: harm reduction or harm induction? Murray et al. Pharmacotherapy. 2003 Oct;23(10):1238-44.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14594341

Drug Checking: Monitoring the Contents of New Synthetic Drugs. Schroers. Journal of Drug Issues 2002 Vol 32, Issue 2, pp. 635 – 646.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002204260203200219

Monitoring synthetic drug markets, trends, and public health. Spruit. Substance use & misuse 2001 Jan;36(1-2):23-47.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305353

Ecstasy pill testing: harm minimization gone too far? Winstock et al. Addiction. 2001 Aug;96(8):1139-48.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/17d9/8cd59fa3edafd0a501ca445f9ff283f9373f.pdf

Validation of twelve chemical spot tests for the detection of drugs of abuse. O’Neal et al. Forensic science international 2000 Apr 10;109(3):189-201.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10725655

1970-1999

Ecstasy Use and Policy Responses in the Netherlands. Spruit. Journal of Drug Issues 1999, Vol 29, Issue 3, pp. 653 – 677. 
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002204269902900312

MDMA on the Street: Analysis Anonymous®. Renfroe. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 1986, Vol 18, Issue 4, 363-369
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.1986.10472371

Misrepresentation of Stimulant Street Drugs: A Decade of Experience in an Analysis Program. Klatt et al. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 1986, Vol 24, Issue 5, 441-450 
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563658608992606

Street drug analysis: an eleven year perspective on illicit drug alteration. Renfroe & Messinger. Seminars in adolescent medicine 1985 Dec;1(4):247-57.
https://erowid.org/references/texts/show/8539docid7920

The Evolution of a Community Based Drug Analysis Program. Falck. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 1981 13(4):381-383.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.1981.10471897

The 1977 Street Drug Analysis Results. Clinical Toxicology, Volume 14, 1979 – Issue 5, Pages 619-630.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563657908992473

Drug use and analysis results: 1973-1975. Helisten. Clinical toxicology, Volume 10, 1977 – Issue 3, Pages 367-369.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563657708992436

Status of Drug Quality in the Street-Drug Market-An Update. Brown & Malone. Clinical Toxicology, 1976, 9:2, 145-168.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563657608988120

An Interpretation Of Trends in Street Drug Analysis Programs: Whom Do They Serve? Kealy & Webber. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs 1975, 7:3, 281-289.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.1975.10471517

Street Drug Analysis and Community Based Drug Programs. Smith. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, 1974, 6:2, 153-159.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.1974.10471824

Summary of Street Drug Results—1973. Clinical Toxicology Volume 7, 1974 – Issue 6, Pages 637-644.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563657408988039

Some U.S. Street Drug Identification Programs. Brown & Malone. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 1973, Volume 13, Issue 12, 670 – 674.
http://www.japha.org/article/S0003-0465(16)32815-4/abstract

Street-Drug Identification Program In Amsterdam. Zwart. Pacific Information Service on Street-Drugs, Issue 11, June 1973
https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/issd/

A Street-Drug Identification program. Brown. Pacific Information Service on Street-Drugs, Issue 4, May 1972
https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/issd/

Analysis of illicit drugs. Filedt Kok et al. The Lancet, Volume 297, Issue 7708, 22 May 1971, Pages 1065-1066
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673671916242